Laevicephalus DeLong, 1926

Genus Laevicephalus DeLong, 1926

istribution

Species Laevicephalus acus Laevicephalus aridus Laevicephalus aurarius Laevicephalus austrinus Laevicephalus bison Laevicephalus bocanus Laevicephalus canyonensis Laevicephalus concinnus Laevicephalus convergens Laevicephalus curvus Laevicephalus exiguus Laevicephalus harrisi Laevicephalus incisurus Laevicephalus inconditus Laevicephalus incongruus Laevicephalus longus Laevicephalus melsheimerii Laevicephalus peronatus Laevicephalus poudris Laevicephalus pravus Laevicephalus pupa Laevicephalus salarius Laevicephalus saskatchewanensis Laevicephalus siculus Laevicephalus sylvestris Laevicephalus tantalus Laevicephalus tritus Laevicephalus unicoloratus Laevicephalus vafer Laevicephalus vannus Laevicephalus warnocki Laevicephalus minimus Laevicephalus monticola Laevicephalus navajo Laevicephalus obvius Laevicephalus omani Laevicephalus opalinus Laevicephalus parvulus Laevicephalus paulus

Images: http://www.pbase.com/tmurray74/image/116563957

Information and map of distribution: http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Laevicephalus+cinerosus

Osbornellus borealis DeLong & Bohr 1936

Osbornellus borealis DeLong & Bohr 1936

Species Description

Length: Medium size, slender species. Length of male 4.40—5.00 mm., female 5.00—5.60 mm.

Colour: General color yellowish brown. Crown and pronotum with yellow and brown markings; elytra subhyaline with veins suffused with yellow brown, few cells ivory.

Genitalia: Pygofer in lateral aspect about as long as wide, caudal margin obliquely convex; aedeagus in lateral aspect with two basal processes extending laterally along shaft and protruding beyond apex of shaft; aedeagal shaft narrow, tubelike, slightly attenuated apically; gonopore subterminal; style in dorsal aspect with apices long, narrow; female seventh sternum in ventral aspect with caudal margin truncate. 

Species Diagnosis

This is the only species in the genus Osbornellus that is a vector of a plant virus (Western X-disease phytoplasma 16SrIII-A, Phytoplasma)

Nielson, M. W. 1968b. The leafhopper vectors of phytopathogenic viruses (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Taxonomy, biology and virus transmission. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin . 1382 386 pp.

take and image from:  http://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/vectors/browsespecies.php?-recid=576#Tabs

Micrutalis calva - (Say)

Micrutalis calva  (Say)

Imagen: http://entomofaune.qc.ca/entomofaune/membracides/membracides_liste.html

Draeculacephala soluta Gibson, 1919

Draeculacephala soluta Gibson, 1919

imagen: http://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/sharpshooters/browserecord.php?-recid=525

Draeculacephala minerva Ball, 1927

Draeculacephala minerva Ball, 1927

imagen: http://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/sharpshooters/browserecord.php?-recid=517

Phera lanei Young, 1968

Phera lanei Young, 1968

imagenes: http://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/sharpshooters/Image_gallery.php

Uhler and Stål - Publications

Uhler P.R.

• Uhler P. R. 1872 - IV._Hemiptera. A list of Hemiptera collected in Eastern Colorado and Northeastern New Mexico, by C. Thomas, during the expedition of 1869.Preliminary report of the United States Geological Survey of Wyoming, and portions of contiguous territories, (being a second annual report of progress), conducted under the authority of the Secretary of the Interior by F. V. Hayden, United States Geologist. Washington 1872: 471-472.
• Uhler P. R. 1876 - List of Hemiptera of the Region West of the Mississippi River, including those collected during the Hayden Exploration of 1873. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. Washington 1(5): 269-361.
• Uhler P. R. 1877 - Report upon the insects collected by P. R. Uhler during the explorations of 1875, including monographs of the families Cydnidae and Saldae and the Hemiptera collected by A. S. Packard, Jr., M. D. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. Washington 3(2): 355-475.
• Uhler P. R. 1884 - Order VI. - Hemiptera. Standard natural history 2: 204-296.
• Uhler P. R. 1888 - Order VI.-Hemiptera. The Riverside Natural History 2: 204-296.
• Uhler P. R. 1889 - New genera and species of American Homoptera. Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Sciences. Baltimore 1: 33-44.
• Uhler P. R. 1891 - Remarkable new Homoptera. Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Sciences. Baltimore 1: 143-147.
• Uhler P. R. 1895 - An enumeration of the Hemiptera-Homoptera of the Island of St. Vincent, W. I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. London 55-84.
• Uhler P. R. 1896 - Summary of the Hemiptera of Japan presented to the United States National Museum by Professor Mitzukuri. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington 19: 255-297.
• Uhler P. R. 1900 - Aids to a recognition of some North American genera and species of the old family Fulgoridae. Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Sciences. Baltimore 1: 401-408.
• 
  

Stal, Carolo

• Stål C. 1853 - Nya Genera bland Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 10: 259-267.
• Stål C. 1853 - Nya Svenska Homoptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 10: 174-177.
• Stål C. 1854 - Nya Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 11: 231-255.
• Stål C. 1854 - Kort öfversigt af Sveriges Delphax-arter. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 11: 189-197.
• Stål C. 1855 - Hemiptera fran Kafferlandet. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 12: 89-100.
• Stål C. 1855 - Nya Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 12: 181-192.
• Stål C. 1856 - Om Derbides med tre oceller. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 13: 161-164.
• Stål C. 1857 - Ny art af Copicerus (Swartz). Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 14: 53.
• Stål C. 1858 - Hemipterologiska bidrag. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 15: 433-454.
• Stål C. 1858 - Orthoptera och Hemiptera fran södra Afrika. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 15: 307-320.
• Stål C. 1858 - Nya svenska Homoptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 15: 355-358.
• Stål C. 1858 - Beitrag zur Hemipteren-Fauna Sibiriens und des Russischen Nord-Amerika. Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. Stettin 19: 175-198.
• Stål C. 1859 - Novae quaedam Fulgorinorum formae speciesque insigniores. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin 3: 313-327.
• Stål C. 1859 - Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. Fregatten Eugenies Resa. Arkiv for Zoologi. Utgifvet af K. Svenska Vetenskaps-akademien. Stockholm 4: 219-298.
• Stål C. 1861 - Nova methodus familias quasdam Hemipterorum disponendi genera Issidarum synoptice disposita. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 18: 195-212.
• Stål C. 1861 - Miscellanea hemopterologica. Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. Stettin 22: 129-153.
• Stål C. 1862 - Novae vel minus cognitae Homopterorum formae et species. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin 6: 303-315.
• Stål C. 1862 - Bidrag till Rio de Janeiro-tratkens Hemipterfauna.II. Handlingar. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien. Stockholm 3(6): 1-75.
• Stål C. 1862 - Synonymiska och systematiska anteckningar öfver Hemiptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 19: 479-504.
• Stål C. 1863 - Hemipterorum exoticorum generum et specierum nonnullarum novarum descriptiones. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. (Ser. 3) 1: 571-603. 
• Stål C. 1863 - Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fulgoriden. Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. Stettin 24: 230-251.
• Stål C. 1864 - Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. (Continuatio). Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. Stettin 25: 49-86.
• Stål C. 1864 - Hemiptera nonnulla nova vel minus cognita. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Paris. (Ser. 4) 4: 47-68.
• Stål C. 1865 - Homoptera nova vel minus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 22: 145-165.
• Stål C. 1866 - Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana 4: 1-276.
• Stål C. 1866 - Analecta Hemipterologica. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin 10: 151-172.
• Stål C. 1866 - Analecta Hemipterologica. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin 10: 381-394.
• Stål C. 1866 - Flatidae. Hemiptera Africana 4: 235-251.
• Stål C. 1869 - Hemiptera Fabriciana. Fabricianska Hemipterarter, efter de Köpenhamn och Kiel förvarade typexemplaren granskade och beskrifne. 2. Handlingar. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien. Stockholm 8(1): 1-130.
• Stål C. 1869 - Analecta Hemipterologica. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin 13: 225-242.
• Stål C. 1870 - Hemiptera insularum Philippinarum. Bidrag till Philippinska öarnes Hemipter-fauna. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 27: 607-776.
• Stål C. 1870 - Die amerikanischen Fulgoriden-Gattungen, synoptisch beschrieben. (Forsetzung). Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. Stettin 31: 282-294.
• Stål C. 1870 - Die amerikanischen Fulgoriden-Gattungen, synoptisch beschrieben. Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. Stettin 31: 255-258.

Hemiptera Family Characters

Hemiptera Family Characters

STERNORRHYNCHA

Psyllidae: Diagnostic characters: small (2-5 mm); 2 pairs of wings in both sexes, held roof-like over body, forewing often thicker than hind wing; resemble miniature cicadas; strong jumping legs; antennae 10-segmented; tarsi 2-segmented, with 2 claws.

See the Psylloidea Web Page from the USDA's, Systematic Entomology Laboratory. Psyllids, or jumping plant lice, feed on phloem sap, and are usually very species specific; a very few produce galls such as the hackberry nipple gall psyllid, Pachypsylla celtidismamma, and Psylla magnicauda.   The nymphs live inside the galls. Eggs laid shallowly in plant tissue and covered with wax. Nymphs do not closely resemble adults and produce copious powdery wax.   Adults resemble miniature cicadas and are active jumpers and fliers. Two important pest species, both introduced from Europe, are the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola, and the apple sucker, Psylla mali. Nymphs feed on axils of leaves and fruit and produce copious honeydew on which fungus grows; infected trees shed leaves and fruit.

Aleyrodidae: Whiteflies. Diagnostic characters: minute (2-3 mm); 2 pairs of wings in both sexes; forewings about equal in size to hind wings; body and wings covered with a white waxy powder.

See the USDA's Systematic Entomology Laboratory Whitefly Web Page. 1st instar nymphs are active, but later nymphs are sessile and scale-like.   The group is abundant in the tropics.   One important species affects citrus - fungus growing on honeydew interferes with photosynthesis. Other species are important greenhouse pests.

AUCHENORRHYNCHA

Cicadidae: Diagnostic characters: large insects with large wings; forewing membranous; 3 ocelli.
Cicada immatures live in the ground and feed on plant roots. The immature life span last for several years in the dog-day cicadas and up to 13 or 17 years in the periodical cicadas. Dog-day cicada adults emerge during the "dog days" of summer in the northern hemisphere - late July to September in Minnesota.
Examples: A dog-day cicada, Tibicens resh; male T. resh showing operculum of sound producing organ; female showing ovipositor. Size range in cicadas, the giant Pomponia imperitoriafrom Malaysia and the small Pacarina puella from Texas; Linnaeus' 17-year cicada, Magicicada septendecim; a Costa Rica species, Zammara tympanum, with pronotal flanges.

Cercopidae: Diagnostic characters: small jumping insects; hind tibiae with 1 or 2 stout spines, and usually a circlet of spines at apex.
Spittle bugs or froghoppers are best know for the frothy spittle produced from the anus and abdominal glands of the immatures, which covers them while they feed on grasses. These insects are very common, especially in meadows, but only a few might be considered pests. Examples of cercopid diversity, 1, 2; tibia showing arrangement of spines.

Membracidae: Diagnostic characters: small jumping insects; pronotum projecting backwards over abdomen, often highly developed (especially in tropical species).
Tree hoppers feed on trees and shrubs where they display a rather narrow host range. Tropical species are known for the bizarre ornamentation of their pronota. The adaptive value of these ornamentations include crytic resemblance to thorns and twigs, sexual display, and apophysectomy. Some species show a primitive form of sociality, with the female tending her eggs and offspring while they mature. Examples of membracids, showing remarkable diversity of pronota: a common Minnesota species; Costa Rican, Mexican, and Brazilian examples; other, mostly Neotropical, examples, 1, 2.

Cicadellidae: Diagnostic characters: hind tibiae with 1 or more rows of small spines.
Leafhoppers comprise a very large, species diverse, and economically important family. They feed on the leaves of plants, which in crop species causes economic damage by sapping the plant of nutrients, damaging xylem and phloem cells, damaging twigs through female oviposition, or by vectoring plant viruses and other diseases. Like cicadas, they produce sound, but this sound is usually not audible to humans. The many species have been placed in some 18 subfamilies. A typical cicadellid from Minnesota; hind tibia showing rows of spines; head, showing position of antenna in relation to eye (on front of head between eyes and head without a carina). Two colorful species from Costa Rica.

Fulgoroidea: Diagnostic characters: antennae arising on sides of head beneath eyes, separated from front of head by a vertical carina.
The planthoppers constitute a group of about a dozen families in North America, all recognized by the antennae separated from the front of the head by a vertical carina and thus arising beneath the eyes. They feed on a rather wide range of plant types, but few or of any economic importance. A few exemplary families are listed below:

Delphacidae: Hind tibia showing large apical spur. This is the largest family. Its species are small and often have short wings. One species was a pest on sugarcane in Hawaii.

Derbidae: Apache dageeri, Minnesota. Derbids feed on woody fungi. Most species are tropical.

Cixiidae: Cixius basalis, Minnesota. These are mostly tropical, with some species feeding underground on grass roots.

Dictyopharidae: Scolops, Minnesota; two tropical examples, Costa Rica, Venezuela. These feed mainly on grasses. Many have the head produced into a slender process, but some others don't.

Fulgoridae: The family contains many beautiful exotic species: Phrictus ocellatus, a probable lichen mimic, with bright hind wings, Venezuela; Phenax variegatus, Venezuela, notice the wax secretions; Cathedra serratus, Brazil; Fulgora lampetus, Ecuador; F. pyrorhyncha, Malaysia; Zanna terminalis, Malaysia.

Acanaloniidae: Acanalonia bivittata, detail of head showing carina and position of eye, Minnesota.

Tomado y editado de :

http://www.entomology.umn.edu/museum/links/coursefiles/Hemip%20characters.html

Mimicry - Acuera - Seeds

Mimicry of the Acuera sp. DeLong & Freytag,1972 with seeds of grasses 

Abundance and richness of membracoids in maize during the rainy season

Pinedo-Escatel, J.A. 2014. Abundance and richness of membracoids (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in maize during the rainy season in Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco. Dugesiana 21(1): 49-53. [in Spanish]

disponible en: http://dugesiana.cucba.udg.mx/dugesiana_enero2014/49.pdf
(derechos reservados de © Dugesiana)

Genus Dalbulus DeLong, 1950

Dalbulus DeLong, 1950

Dalbulus maidis DeLong & Wolcott, 1923 

Diagnóstico

D. maidis se pueden separar por el pygofer, que carece de un margen ventral esclerotizado, por el aedeagus distintivo, y por el séptimo esternón de la hembra con un margen de caudal cóncavo. 

Dalbulus elimatus Ball, 1900 

Longitud: 
Pequeña, especies lineales. 3,60-3,90 masculino, femenino 3,80-4,00 mm

Color: 
Color general marrón amarillento o marrón. Corona con dos pequeñas manchas subcuadrada distintas; pronoto amarillo con cuatro bandas longitudinales de color marrón claro; élitros de color canela, subhialinos.

Genitales:
Pygofer en cara lateral sobre 3.11 veces más largo que ancho, margen caudal profundamente excavado, margen caudodorsal con la espina dorsal distinta, el margen caudoventral con lomo corto, margen ventral claramente esclerotizado; aedeagus en cara lateral con la parte basal amplia y lobelike, parte distal por poco atenuada y en forma de tubo; gonoporo terminal ; estilo en el aspecto dorsal simple, ápices se redujo; séptimo esternón de femenino en cara ventral alargada y direccion apical.

Diagnóstico

Esta especie es similar a Dalbulus maidis habitus en general y puede ser fácilmente separada por el pygofer del macho, con el margen ventral claramente esclerotizado, el aedeagus distintivo, y el séptimo esternón de la hembra es alargado y de forma aguda en ángulo distalmente. 

Dalbulus charlesi Triplehorn & Nault, 1985

Dalbulus tripsacoides DeLong & Nault, 1980 

Dalbulus quinquenotatus DeLong & Nault, 1983 

Dalbulus longulus DeLong, 1950 

Dalbulus guzmani DeLong & Nault, 1983 

Dalbulus guevarai DeLong, 1950

Dalbulus gelbulus DeLong, 1950 

Dalbulus chiapensis Triplehorn & Nault, 1985 

Dalbulus gelbulus DeLong, 1950

Dalbulus cimmyti Nault & Styer, 1994

Dalbulus naulti DeLong & Tsai, 1989

Dalbulus gramalotes Triplehorn & Nault, 1985

Dalbulus ebberti Nault & Styer, 1994

Literatura recomendada:

Nielson, M. W. (1968). The leafhopper vectors of phytopathogenic viruses (Homoptera, Cicadellidae): taxonomy, biology, and virus transmission (No. 1382). US Department of Agriculture.

Fuente imágenes e información:

http://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/vectors/specieslist.php?-skip=0&-max=100&-sortfieldone=TaxonomySort&-sortorderone=ascend

Athysanella blockeri Hicks & Whitcomb, 1996

Athysanella blockeri Hicks & Whitcomb, 1996

fuente:
Hicks, A. L., & Whitcomb, R. F. (1996). Diversity of the leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) fauna of northern Chihuahuan grasslands, with emphasis on gypsum grasslands and description of a new species of Athysanella (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Entomological Society of Washington (USA).

Dalbulus quinquenotatus DeLong & Nault, 1983

Dalbulus quinquenotatus DeLong & Nault, 1983

[In Nault, Delong, Triplehorn, Styer & Doebley] 1983a: 305

Imagenes: http://naturalhistory.museumwales.ac.uk/vectors/browsespecies.php?-recid=723#Tabs

Membracis mexicana Guerin-Meneville, 1829

Membracis mexicana Guerin-Meneville, 1829

Nativa de México

imagen: http://thebefuddledloris.wordpress.com/2012/12/13/a-membracid-for-all-seasons/membracis-mexicana/

Acuera DeLong & Freytag, 1971

Acuera DeLong & Freytag, 1971

Draeculacephala Ball, 1901

Draeculacephala Ball, 1901

 

Amblysellus curtisii Fitch, 1851

Amblysellus curtisii Fitch, 1851 

Imagen:
http://bugguide.net/node/view/22057/bgpage

Campylenchia latipes Say

Campylenchia latipes Say

Mujer: 9 mm 

Macho: 7,5 mm 

Distribución :  EUA, Canadá, República Dominicana, etc.

Anfitrión de plantas herbáceas (principalmente en las Asteraceae)

http://bugguide.net/images/cache/BH7HOHIHZRZLAZML8ZSL4ZQL4ZRLEZ8LBZNHAZUH3HGLZR4L6ZIHCH8HCHGHDHZLVHRLCHXH3H5L9ZNHFHUHHREHVH.jpg

Información del taxa

http://www.fsca-dpi.org/Homoptera_Hemiptera/membracidae/Campylenchia%20latipes%20(Say).pdf

Spangbergiella mexicana Baker, 1897

Spangbergiella mexicana  Baker, 1897

Distribución: México, EUA y Nicaragua

Reportada sobre Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica

Zapopan, Jalisco, México. May/2014,

Nombres comunes para algunos homopteros en México

Nombres comunes para algunos homopteos en México

Cicadellidae: cicadélidos, cigarritas, chicharritas y saltahojas

          Dalbulus maidis: la chicharrita del maíz

          Dalbulus elimatus: la chicharrita mexicana del maiz

          Erythroneura elegantula: la chicharrita de la vid

          Edwardsiana froggatti: la chicharrita amarilla del manzano

          Homalodisca vitripennis: la chicharrita de alas cristalinas

          Perkinsiella saccharicida: la chicharrita de la caña de azúcar

          Cephisus siccifolius: la chicharrita de la espuma, salivazo

Membracidae: membrácidos, toritos y carapachitos

          Spissistilus festinus: alfarero tricorneado

          Membracis mexicana: membrácido mexicano

Delphacidae: delfácidos

          Peregrinus maidis: delfácido del maiz

Caliscelidae: chinche puerquito

Cercopidae: salivasos y baba de culebra

         Mahanarva bipars: el salivaso de la caña de azucar y el quemazón de la caña

         Aeneolamia contigua: mosca pinta, candelilla y el salivaso del pasto

Cicadidae: chicharras y cigarras

Psyllidae: piojos saltones

Acanaloniidae: acanalonidos

Achilidae: aquílidos

Derbidae: dérbidos

Issidae: isidos

Tropiduchidae: tropidúquidos

Se hicieron una encuestas a varios pobladores de diferentes estados para tomar estos datos relevantes de los nombres comunes en México.

Nota: no se ejemplifican todos los nombres conocidos para México, eso depende de la región y localidad en la que se encuentre, para lo cual falta mucha información en el país para relacionar cada nombre común.

Fitchiella (Hemiptera: Caliscelidae)

Familia Caliscelidae

Subfamilia Caliscelinae

Tribu Caliscelini 

Genus Fitchiella Van Duzee, 1917

Fuente: https://bugguide.net/node/view/247413/bgpage